DELEGATES AND AUTHORITIES

Delegations

Delegations are made up of a delegate in each committee. The members of each delegation will  be referenced as either “Delegate” or “representative” without distinction.

Authorities

Secretary Generals

The Secretary Generals have the final word within the MUN. The Secretary Generals’ role within the MUN is to:

1. Interpret the regulation and decide on issues that are not provided.
2. Ensure that the regulation is respected.
3. Impose necessary disciplinary measures in the event of breaking the codes of conduct
4. They may formulate oral or written declarations at Committees at any time.
5. Officially declare OAKMUN Opened and Closed.
6. Moderate the bodies and Committees of the Model.
7. Inform other bodies/committees about issues being dealt in other Committees.
8. Facilitate negotiations between representatives and collaborate with them in the MUN. They may actively intervene.
9. Read and approve the preliminary drafts in the different Committees.
10. Permit the access of special observers (teachers) to the sessions with their authorisation.
11. Act as a guarantor in peace treaties.
12. They might mediate between formal and informal negotiations.

The committees will be formed of one Presiding and one or two Moderator chairs according to the committee.

Presiding Chair

The Presiding Chair has the highest power in the committee. The President’s powers are:

1. Open and close a formal ceremony.
2. Ensuring that rules and procedures are followed.
3. Announcing decisions.
4. Coordinating right to speak.
5. Establishing right to question/answer.
6. Making proposals by means of motions:
   1. Time limit for speakers;
   2. Closing the speakers list;
   3. Ending the debate;
   4. Suspending the session;
   5. Revise and ensure the draft resolutions are correct in order to be debated;
   6. The order in which draft resolutions are presented;
   7. Announcing the type of vote and the results.

Moderator Chair

The moderator chair is the substitute President if the President is absent. The Moderator’s duties also

1. Assist the president in his/her duties during the session.
2. Help the president with the revision of draft resolutions.

Pages

They are support staff who facilitate the work of the authorities and delegates.Their functions are:

1. Support the President and moderator when needed.
2. Facilitate the communication between delegations via written messages, which will be passed by the moderators.
   

PROTOCOL

General

1. The official language will be English for all committees.
2. Delegates must wear their credentials visibly throughout the duration of the MUN.
3. Throughout the Model all participants must be respectful and formal while in session.
4. Delegates should not speak in first person as they can be penalised. They should always speak to represent their delegation.
5. During formal sessions, messages between delegations are prohibited unless sent as a note. Each note must be given to a page and may only be delivered once the chairs have read it and approved its passage.
6. During the session the official committee language must be used, if this is not the case the delegate/s will be penalised.
7. Delegates must respect the schedule provided by OAKMUN.

Restrictions

1. Delegates must not leave the room if a session is in order;
   1. If necessary, the delegate may leave the room temporarily if a justification has been given to the committee authorities;
   2. If the delegate leaves the room, they MUST deposit their voting placards to a committee official in hand.
2. Electronic devices are not allowed unless permitted by authorities.
3. Eating, drinking (except water) or smoking inside the room.
4. Smoking inside the School is PROHIBITED.
5. Drinking alcoholic beverages throughout the MUN is prohibited.
6. Teachers must not interact with delegates when the session is in order.

Penalties

1. If the delegate is late to a session or shows lack of courtesy to other delegates, authorities, or pages, they will be penalised.
2. If a delegate repeatedly speaks in first person, the delegate will be penalised.
3. If a delegate doesn’t speak the official committee language, the delegate will be penalised.
4. If a delegate is penalised 2 times in the same session, the delegate will have to leave the session and may not return until the following session.
5. Accumulation of more than 5 penalties will result in a review by the Executive Committee and appropriate disciplinary.

COMMITTEE PROCEDURES

Motions and Points

1. Point of Procedure
   1. May be used by delegates to propose the normal course of the debate;
   2. The motion must be endorsed by at least one other delegation in order for the president to consider listening to it;
   3. No delegate or president may be interrupted when on the floor or during a Procedure;
   4. The president may accept or reject the procedure. If it’s accepted an informal votation will take place in which all delegates must vote in favour or against the motion.
2. Point of Order
   1. Used when delegation believes President has made a mistake;
   2. No delegate may be interrupted when he/she has the floor;
   3. The President or Moderator may consider such motions to be out of order when they regard them as incorrect.
3. Point of Personal Inquiry
   1. Used when delegate is affected by an external issue which affects their capacity to debate;
   2. It cannot be denied before listening to the request;
   3. No delegate or President may be interrupted when on the floor or during a procedure.
4. Point of Parliamentary Inquiry
   1. A request to clarify a procedure that is being carried out in the debate;
   2. The motion must be endorsed by at least one other delegation in order for the president to consider listening to it;
   3. No delegate or president may be interrupted when on the floor or during a procedure.

General Debate

1. The President shall draw up a list of speakers in which delegates present their delegation’s position.
2. When the list is closed, delegations who wish to be on the speakers list, may ask for it via written note.
3. The President shall guide the debate and might suggest delegates to pass a Caucus
4. Each speaker shall have a maximum speaker time given by the committee, usually between one and two minutes. In their opening speech, delegates should explain their country’s position on the topic being debated.
5. Delegates may ask for the speaking time to be increased or decreased, with a Motion of Procedure which should be voted for by a qualified majority.
6. Delegates may ask the speaker on the floor one or two questions
7. The speaker on the floor may:
   1. Yield/Grant the remaining time to another delegation;
   2. Yield/Grant the remaining time to the points of information;
   3. Yield/Grant the remaining time to the committee;

Caucus

A caucus may be requested via motion by a delegate or by the President. This is used for negotiations, writing up draft resolutions, etc. The duration of a recess shall be established and announced by the President.

1. Moderated Caucus
   1. The aim of this caucus is to facilitate debate;
   2. The moderator shall give the floor at their discretion;
   3. The motion should be seconded and immediately put on vote. It requires a majority for the motion to pass;
   4. One single extension may be requested as long as it’s briefer than the previous one;
   5. The moderator may consider this motion to be out of order.
2. Unmoderated Caucus
   1. Informal meeting between delegates where direct debate amongst delegates is allowed;
   2. The motion should be seconded and immediately put to vote. It requires a majority for the motion to pass;
   3. One single extension may be requested as long as it is briefer than the previous
   4. The moderator may consider this motion to be out of order. 

Particular Debate

1. The speakers shall have a speaking time that the committee considers necessary.
2. Amendments shall be proposed and read by the President.
3. Amendments may be suspended if the President finds it necessary.

Consultation of the Whole

1. A consultation of the whole is an informal session of the committee used to:
   1.  discuss a draft resolution or its clauses in detail, 
   2. clarify the position of certain delegations on the topic/s that are currently being debated.
2. Delegates may speak in turn, raise concerns, and propose amendments.
3. It is not controlled by the President or the Moderators; instead, the first delegation to speak selects the next speaker, who then chooses the following speaker, and so on.
4. The duration is set and announced by the President.
5. It allows for collaborative negotiation and the drafting or merging of resolutions.

Tour de Table

1. A tour de table is a roundtable session where each delegation is obliged to speak in turn to briefly present positions or updates;
2. The President ensures all delegates are recognized and maintains order;
3. It helps to clarify positions and prepare for formal debate or drafting.

P5 Caucus

1. A P5 caucus is a private meeting of the five permanent members of the Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States);
2. It allows these members to discuss sensitive issues, coordinate positions, or negotiate resolutions without the presence of other delegations;
3. The President of the Security Council may facilitate or call for the caucus;
4. The purpose is to streamline decision-making and manage sensitive negotiations.

Vote

1. Every country has a vote that can be used in favour, against, or for abstention.  Permanent members of the Security Council must not abstain and hold the power to veto a resolution.
2. Majorities:
   1. Qualified: Represents the vote of two thirds or more (66.6%) of the members present.
   2. Absolute: Represents the vote of 50%+1 of the members present

Right to Reply

If a delegation is directly or indirectly referenced in another delegate’s speech, the delegation being referenced may ask for the “Right of Reply” once the speaker has finished. If the President considers it appropriate, the delegation referenced may make a statement regarding what has been stated in a maximum time period of 1 minute.

Preliminary draft resolution

1. In order to have an idea of countries who have similar ideas as the country the delegate is representing, it is recommended that they prepare a worksheet which shows the positions of different delegations in your committee.
2. The delegations prepare a preliminary draft which will be sent and read by the President and Moderator/s. These drafts should have at least 30% of endorsements from all delegations. Only one preliminary draft may be submitted by each delegation in each topic.
3. The preliminary resolution should be written with the guidelines provided by OAKMUN.
4. The preliminary debate should be based on the points considered in the General Debate and the Caucasus.
5. The President and Moderator may introduce modifications of form but not of content.
6. If anything important about the content has to be corrected, the President shall inform the delegates so that they can examine the preliminary draft again.
7. The preliminary draft presented to the President and Moderator should indicate the delegations that present it and the delegations that endorse it.
8. The preliminary draft selected shall be:
   1. Read by the President for debate;
   2. Amendments shall be debated;
   3. Votes on the amendments shall be held;
   4. Final vote to approve or reject the resolution.

Amendments

1. An amendment adds to, suppresses or modified parts of a proposal.
2. Any delegation can submit a preliminary draft or amendment.
3. No amendments shall be presented during the plenary session.
4. An amendment may not change the original purpose of the preliminary draft.
5. Amendments should be submitted via note to the president.
6. The amendment is put into an informal obligatory vote. The endorsement does not mean delegates are in favour or against it.
7. If the outcome of the vote is a qualified majority, it shall be approved or rejected accordingly.
8. If the outcome of the vote is not a qualified majority, a closed debate on the amendment takes place.
9. Closed Debate:
   1. The president shall draw up a list of 1 speaker in favour on this amendment and 1 against;
   2. The speakers will have a speaking time and a chance to answer points of